Member-only story

Thomas Paine's Common Sense: A Catalyst for American Revolution and a Testament to Radical Enlightenment Philosophy

Fletcher Mitchell

·12.7k Followers· Follow

Published in Thomas Paine: Common Sense Robert F Gorman

7 min read

982 View Claps

90 Respond

Save

Listen

In the annals of American history, few documents have had as profound an impact as Thomas Paine's "Common Sense." Published in January 1776, this electrifying pamphlet ignited a revolutionary fervor in the American colonies and played a pivotal role in galvanizing support for independence from British rule. It was a clarion call for self-governance, individual liberty, and the pursuit of a more just and equitable society. Through Paine's incisive prose and persuasive arguments, "Common Sense" became a literary and ideological force that set the stage for the American Revolution and left an enduring legacy on American political thought.

The Author: Thomas Paine, a Radical Enlightenment Thinker

Thomas Paine was born in Thetford, England, in 1737. He grew up in a humble family and received a limited formal education. Through self-study and extensive reading, he developed a keen intellect and became deeply influenced by the ideas of the Enlightenment. In particular, he embraced the principles of natural rights, popular sovereignty, and the rejection of hereditary rule. Paine was a staunch advocate for individual freedom and a critic of the social and political inequalities that characterized the British Empire.

Thomas Paine: Common Sense

by Robert F. Gorman

5 out of 5

Language	:	English
File size	:	1161 KB
Text-to-Speech	:	Enabled
Screen Reader	:	Supported
Enhanced typesetting	:	Enabled
Word Wise	:	Enabled
Print length	:	86 pages

The Context: Colonial America on the Verge of Revolution

In the mid-18th century, tensions between the American colonies and Great Britain had reached a boiling point. The British government had imposed a series of punitive measures, known as the Coercive Acts, in response to colonial resistance to taxation without representation. These acts further inflamed colonial resentment and led to calls for independence. It was within this highly charged atmosphere that Paine published "Common Sense."

The Publication of "Common Sense"

"Common Sense" was published in Philadelphia on January 10, 1776. It was printed by Robert Bell and sold for two cents, making it affordable for the general public. The pamphlet utilized simple, direct language and was organized into four parts. In the first part, Paine argued that government was a human invention and not a divine institution. He asserted that the purpose of government was to protect the natural rights of individuals and that the people had the right to alter or abolish any government that failed to do so.

Part 1: On the Origin and Design of Government

In this section, Paine begins by establishing his fundamental premise that government is not a divine institution but rather a human creation designed to protect the natural rights of individuals. He argues that all governments are based on consent and that people have the inherent right to create or change governments that are no longer serving their purpose. Paine strongly believes that the best form of government is one that is based on the consent of the governed and that ensures the greatest degree of individual liberty possible.

Part 2: Of Monarchy and Hereditary Succession

In the second part, Paine turned his attention to the institution of monarchy. He denounced monarchy as an outdated and unjust form of government that was based on the power of a single individual who was not accountable to the people. Paine argued that it was absurd to believe that a king had any inherent right to rule simply because of his lineage. He believed that individuals should be chosen to positions of leadership based on their merit and ability, not their bloodline.

Part 3: Thoughts on the Present State of American Affairs

In the third part, Paine applied his arguments to the specific situation of the American colonies. He argued that the colonies had the right to declare independence from Great Britain and that they should not fear British military might. Paine believed that the Americans were motivated by a just cause and that they had the support of the natural laws of justice and reason. He urged the colonies to seize the opportunity to create a new and more equitable society based on the principles of self-governance and human equality.

Part 4: On the Present Ability of America, with Some Miscellaneous Reflections

In the fourth and final part of "Common Sense," Paine addressed any potential arguments that the colonists should not declare independence. He countered views that the American army was not strong enough to defeat the British, that the colonies were too economically connected to Great Britain, and that independence would result in anarchy. Paine argues that the colonists have the strength, resources, and determination to win their independence and that the pursuit of liberty is worth any sacrifice.

Impact and Legacy of "Common Sense"

"Common Sense" was an instant success. Within three months of its publication, over 100,000 copies had been sold, making it the best-selling pamphlet in American history. It was read aloud at public gatherings, debated in taverns and coffee houses, and circulated throughout the colonies. Paine's arguments resonated deeply with the American people and helped to crystallize the sentiment for independence.

"Common Sense" played a crucial role in galvanizing support for American independence. It provided a concise and accessible articulation of the principles of republican government and individual liberty that the colonists were fighting for. Paine's writing helped to unite the colonies behind the cause of independence and provided intellectual ammunition for those who argued for a break with Great Britain.

The legacy of "Common Sense" extends beyond the American Revolution. It has continued to inspire generations of activists and reformers around the world who have fought for social justice and democratic ideals. Paine's ideas about self-governance, individual rights, and the consent of the governed have become foundational principles of modern democracy. His work remains a testament to the power of words to shape history and the enduring legacy of the Enlightenment.

Thomas Paine's "Common Sense" was a revolutionary document that had a profound impact on the course of American history. Published at a critical juncture in the American Revolution, it provided a powerful and persuasive argument for independence. Paine's ideas about self-governance, individual liberty, and the consent of the governed have shaped the American political tradition and continue to resonate with people around the world. "Common Sense" remains a timeless testament to the power of words and a reminder of the enduring struggle for freedom and equality.